Table 4

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses of preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (pDMEK) vs non-preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (n-pDMEK)

Perspective	pDMEK		n-pDMEK		pDMEK vs n-pDMEK
Perspective	Cost (US$)	QALY	Cost (US$)	QALY	Incremental cost (US$)	Incremental effectiveness	ICUR	NMB
Healthcare	13 885.84	0.6682	15 329.47	0.6640	−1443.63	0.0042	Dominates	1864.28
Societal	20 805.52	0.6682	22 262.44	0.6640	−1456.92	0.0042	Dominates	1877.57

ICUR=the incremental cost-utility ratio compares the incremental costs to the incremental benefits (QALYs) resulting in incremental costs per unit of benefit; NMB=net monetary benefit, summarises the value of intervention in monetary terms when a willingness-to-pay (WTP), threshold per unit of benefit (λ=100 000) is known, NMB=(incremental QALY*threshold)−incremental costs, if the NMB is positive the intervention is cost-effective.
ICUR, incremental cost-utility ratio; NMB, net monetary benefit; n-pDMEK, non-preloaded DMEK; pDMEK, preloaded DMEK; QALY, quality-adjusted life-years.