Table 3

Association between 6-year age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence and vision-related quality of life score

		Model 1				Model 2
		Adjusted mean±SE	β (95% CI)	P value	% change*	Adjusted mean±SE	β (95% CI)	P value	% change*
Emotional	No incident AMD	0.32±0.03	Reference			0.32±0.03	Reference
	Incident early AMD	0.46±0.13	0.14 (−0.12 to 0.40)	0.279	2.42	0.47±0.13	0.15 (−0.11 to 0.40)	0.262	2.51
	Incident late AMD	−1.54±0.39	−1.85 (−2.61 to −1.10)	<0.001	−31.59	−1.50±0.39	−1.82 (−2.57 to −1.06)	<0.001	−30.94
Mobility	No incident AMD	−0.12±0.04	Reference			−0.13±0.04	Reference
	Incident early AMD	0.14±0.17	0.26 (−0.07 to 0.60)	0.122	3.88	0.15±0.17	0.28 (−0.06 to 0.61)	0.103	4.09
	Incident late AMD	−2.42±0.50	−2.30 (−3.28 to −1.32)	<0.001	−33.9	−2.33±0.50	−2.20 (−3.18 to −1.22)	<0.001	−32.49
Reading	No incident AMD	0.01±0.03	Reference			0.01±0.03	Reference
	Incident early AMD	0.21±0.15	0.19 (−0.11 to 0.50)	0.211	3.01	0.22±0.15	0.20 (−0.10 to 0.51)	0.186	3.17
	Incident late AMD	−2.01±0.45	−2.02 (−2.91 to −1.13)	<0.001	−31.47	−1.93±0.45	−1.95 (−2.84 to −1.06)	<0.001	−30.3

Model 1: age, gender and baseline better eye presenting visual acuity (VA), baseline vision-related quality of life score, education, income, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, CKD and pre-existing eye condition.
Model 2: model 1+change in better eye presenting VA.
Eye conditions include cataract, glaucoma, AMD, undercorrected refractive error and retinopathy.
Bolded values indicate P<0.05
*β as a percentage of the adjusted mean follow-up score in the reference group.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.