Emerging countermeasure strategies for decreasing the risk of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)
| Emerging countermeasure strategies for spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) | Rationale | References |
| Lower body negative pressure | Draw fluid from cephalad region towards the lower body | 54 60 |
| Goggles (increased intraocular pressure) | Increase translaminar pressure gradient that is reduced during spaceflight | 65 67 72 |
| B Vitamin supplementation | Relatively low B vitamin status in astronauts with ophthalmic changes | 20 41 68 |
| Venoconstrictive thigh cuffs | Reduce cephalad fluid shift | 62 63 |
| Identifying genetic risk factors | Certain risk alleles are associated with developing SANS | 20 41 68 |
| Artificial gravity (centrifugation) | Maintain hydrostatic pressure to prevent cephalad fluid shift | 61 |