Proposed pathogenesis and contributing factors towards the development of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)
| Proposed mechanisms/contributing factors for development of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) | Year(s) | References |
| Elevated intracranial pressure and/or compartmentation of the orbital optic nerve sheath from cephalad fluid shifts during microgravity | 2011 | 4 |
| Genetic risk factors/single nucleotide polymorphisms, androgens and vitamin status | 2012, 2016 | 40 41 |
| Cerebral blood volume pulsatility and vasculature remodelling | 2017 | 38 |
| Upward brain and optic chiasm shift and anterior counterforce on the posterior globe | 2018 | 43 |
| Ocular glymphatic system and cerebral spinal fluid compartmentalisation | 2018 | 30 |
| Cytotoxic oedema/local oxidative stress at the optic nerve head from microgravity-induced venous stasis | 2020 | 21 |