Association between retinal age gap with mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
| Retinal age gap | N | Years, mean±SD | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Retinal age gap, per one age (yrs) | 35 913 | −1.31±4.82 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) | 0.020 |
| Retinal age gap | ||||||
| Quantile 1 | 8979 | −7.36±3.44 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Quantile 2 | 8978 | −2.63±0.859 | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 0.313 | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.20) | 0.473 |
| Quantile 3 | 8978 | 0.259±0.856 | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.40) | 0.004 | 1.21 (1.04 to 1.41) | 0.014 |
| Quantile 4 | 8978 | 4.48±2.35 | 1.42 (1.19 to 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.11 to 1.65) | 0.003 |
| Trending | – | – | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.17) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17) | 0.001 |
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and Townsend deprivation indices.
Model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 + educational level, smoking status, physical activity level, general health status, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of heart diseases and history of stroke.
HR, HR ratio; CI, CI interval.