Table 1

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study eye in controls and patients with glaucoma

ControlsGlaucoma
Early-moderate glaucomaSevere glaucomaAll glaucoma
N1739653149
Age (years)¶55.2 (26.7)68.5 (14.2)***68.3 (14.3)***68.5 (13.6)***
Gender, no (% male)*80/173 (46.2)56/96 (58.3)‡43/53 (81.1)***99/149 (66.4)***
Ethnicity, no (% Chinese)*157/173 (90.8)91/96 (94.8)§39/53 (73.6)**130/149 (87.2)
Family history of glaucoma, no (%)*5/173 (2.9)23/96 (24.0)***9/53 (17.0)***32/149 (21.5)***
Diabetes, no (% with)*15/173 (8.7)25/96 (26.0)***14/53 (26.4)***39/149 (26.2)***
Cataract, no (% with)*46/173 (26.6)55/96 (57.3)***33/53 (62.3)***88/149 (59.1)***
PCIOL, no (% with)*4/173 (2.3)30/96 (31.3)***18/53 (34.0)***48/149 (32.2)***
SE, median (IQR), D¶−1.6 (3.9)−1.1 (4.9)−0.8 (3.8)−0.9 (4.4)
BCVA, median (IQR), LogMar¶0.08 (0.2)0.1 (0.2)*** †0.3 (0.3)***0.2 (0.2)***
VCDR, median (IQR)¶0.40 (0.20)0.80 (0.15)*** †0.90 (0.10)***0.80 (0.10)***
VFMD, median (IQR), dB¶−1.0 (2.1)−4.7 (5.4)*** §−18.6 (9.6)***−8.7 (10.6)***
PSD, median (IQR), dB¶1.6 (0.7)4.5 (5.3)*** §11.1 (4.5)***7.7 (7.4)***
VFI, median (IQR), %¶99.0 (2.3)90.0 (14.0)*** §51.5 (32.8)***79.5 (30.5)***
Mean RNFL thickness, median (IQR), µm¶97.0 (11.0)72.0 (15.0)*** ‡58.0 (10.5)***68.0 (18.8)***
RNFL symmetry, median (IQR), %¶86.5 (13.0)61.0 (37.0)*** †40.5 (43.5)***52.0 (43.0)***
Rim area, median (IQR), mm21.31 (0.27)0.80 (0.29)***0.69 (0.27)***0.75 (0.31)***

  • A Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA on ranks was used to compare controls, early-moderate stage and severe stage glaucoma groups. A post-hoc pairwise comparison between the 3 groups was done using Dunn’s method.

  • Difference between groups is indicated as ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001 for comparison with controls, and † p<0.05; ‡ p< 0.01; § p<0.001 for pairwise comparison between early-moderate and severe glaucoma.

  • ¶ Statistics done using a Mann Whitney U-test between controls and all glaucoma group.

  • * Statistics done using a χ2 test.

  • ANOVA, analysis of variance; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; HVF, Humphrey visual field; LogMar, logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; PCIOL, posterior chamber intra-ocular lens; PSD, pattern SD; RNFL, retinal nerve fibre layer; SE, spherical equivalent; VCDR, vertical cup disk ratio; VFI, Visual Field Index; VFMD, visual field mean deviation.