The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with or without nodal metastasis
| Total (n=320) | Metastasis (n=40) | No metastasis (n=280) | P value | |
| Age, median (min, max), years | 63.0 (27.0, 94.0) | 63.0 (34.0, 85.0) | 63.0 (27.0, 94.0) | 0.226 |
| Sex, no. (%) | 0.305 | |||
| Male | 136 (42.5) | 14 (35.0) | 122 (43.6) | |
| Female | 184 (57.5) | 26 (65.0) | 158 (56.4) | |
| Laterality, no. (%) | 0.933 | |||
| Right | 154 (48.1) | 19 (47.5) | 135 (48.2) | |
| Left | 166 (51.9) | 21 (52.5) | 145 (51.8) | |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 26 (8.1) | 2 (5.0) | 24 (8.6) | 0.643 |
| History of diuretic use, no. (%) | 31 (9.7) | 3 (7.5) | 28 (10.0) | 0.830 |
| HBV, HBsAg (+), no. (%) | 12 (3.8) | 0 | 12 (4.3) | 0.374 |
| Diagnostic delay, median (min, max), months | 12.0 (0.3, 180.0) | 12.0 (0.3, 72.0) | 12.0 (0.5, 180.0) | 0.628 |
| Location, no. (%) | ||||
| Upper lid | 190 (59.4) | 23 (57.5) | 167 (59.6) | 0.796 |
| Lower lid | 130 (40.6) | 17 (42.5) | 113 (40.4) | 0.796 |
| Both upper lid and lower lid | 13 (4.1) | 3 (7.5) | 10 (3.6) | 0.454 |
| Medial canthus | 24 (7.5) | 8 (20.0) | 16 (5.7) | 0.004* |
| Initial diagnosis, no. (%) | 0.313 | |||
| Sebaceous carcinoma | 219 (68.4) | 29 (72.5) | 190 (67.9) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 24 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) | 22 (7.9) | |
| Basal cell carcinoma | 13 (4.1) | 1 (2.5) | 12 (4.3) | |
| Merkel cell carcinoma | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | |
| Chalazion | 19 (5.9) | 2 (5.0) | 17 (6.1) | |
| Blepharitis | 33 (10.3) | 2 (5.0) | 31 (11.1) | |
| Dermoid | 11 (3.4) | 4 (10.0) | 7 (2.5) | |
| Tumour presentation pattern | 0.036* | |||
| Nodule | 300 (93.8) | 34 (85.0) | 266 (95.0) | |
| Diffuse | 20 (6.3) | 6 (15.0) | 14 (5.0) | |
| Greatest basal diameter, median (min, max), mm | 10.0 (2.0, 50.0) | 13.5 (3.0, 40.0) | 10.0 (2.0, 50.0) | 0.003* |
| Orbital invasion at presentation, no. (%) | 20 (6.3) | 8 (20.0) | 12 (4.3) | <0.001* |
| Pagetoid spread, no. (%) | 105 (32.8) | 14 (35.0) | 91 (32.5) | 0.948 |
| Multicentric origin, no. (%) | 36 (11.3) | 7 (17.5) | 29 (10.4) | 0.285 |
| PNI, no. (%) | 9 (2.8) | 4 (10.0) | 5 (1.7) | 0.015* |
| Perivascular invasion, no. (%) | 5 (1.6) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (1.8) | 0.489 |
| Muscle infiltration, no. (%) | 50 (15.6) | 10 (25.0) | 40 (14.3) | 0.081 |
| Ki-67 percentage, median (min, max) | 35.0 (0, 90.0) | 50.0 (0, 80.0) | 30.0 (0, 90.0) | <0.001* |
| Histological differentiation, no. (%) | 0.063 | |||
| Well | 47 (14.7) | 4 (10.0) | 43 (14.9) | |
| Moderate | 230 (71.9) | 26 (65.0) | 204 (73.3) | |
| Poor | 43 (13.4) | 10 (25.0) | 33 (11.8) | |
| T category, no. (%) | 0.002* | |||
| T1 | 189 (59.1) | 16 (40.0) | 173 (61.8) | |
| T2 | 84 (26.3) | 12 (30.0) | 72 (25.7) | |
| T3 | 27 (8.4) | 4 (10.0) | 23 (8.2) | |
| T4 | 20 (6.3) | 8 (20.0) | 12 (4.3) | |
| With positive surgical margin, no. (%) | 35 (10.9) | 6 (15.0) | 29 (10.4) | 0.542 |
| Local recurrence | 57 (17.8) | 9 (22.5) | 48 (17.1) | 0.407 |
| Initial treatment, no. (%) | <0.001* | |||
| Frozen margin control | 159 (49.7) | 7 (17.5) | 152 (54.3) | |
| Wide local excision | 149 (46.6) | 27 (67.5) | 122 (43.6) | |
| Orbital exenteration | 12 (3.8) | 6 (15.0) | 6 (2.1) |
*Statistically significant.
HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; PNI, perineural invasion; T, Tumour category according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.