Main causes of blindness and vision impairment (adjusted number of cases* and proportions by level of vision impairment) in the Gambia in 2019
| Vision impairment (VI) category† | Broad VI category | |||||||||||
| Mild (<6/12 and ≥6/18) | Moderate (<6/18 and ≥6/60) | Severe (<6/60 and ≥3/60) | Blind (<3/60) | Any VI (<6/12) | Moderate-to-severe VI (<6/18 and ≥3/60) | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Refractive error | 256 | 83.4 | 236 | 36.1 | 6 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 498 | 40.6 | 242 | 29.7 |
| Cataract | 38 | 12.4 | 326 | 49.8 | 108 | 67.2 | 75 | 71.0 | 547 | 44.6 | 433 | 53.3 |
| Aphakia | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.3 | 9 | 5.7 | 3 | 2.9 | 21 | 1.7 | 18 | 2.2 |
| Trachomatous corneal opacity | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Other corneal opacity | 2 | 0.5 | 9 | 1.4 | 5 | 3.3 | 9 | 8.5 | 25 | 2.0 | 14 | 1.8 |
| Other anterior segment cause | 8 | 2.5 | 29 | 4.4 | 21 | 13.4 | 13 | 13.1 | 72 | 5.9 | 50 | 6.2 |
| Posterior segment cause | 2 | 0.7 | 14 | 2.2 | 8 | 5.2 | 3 | 2.6 | 28 | 2.2 | 23 | 2.8 |
| Globe/central nervous system abnormality | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Unknown | 1 | 0.4 | 31 | 4.7 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 33 | 2.7 | 33 | 3.9 |
| 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||
| Comorbidities‡ | 253 | 82.8 | 430 | 68.9 | 103 | 64.5 | 70 | 65.9 | 855 | 71.6 | 532 | 68.0 |
*N and % are based on the weighted sample, after correcting the age/sex imbalance in 2019 using the Gambia 2013 census.
†WHO ICD-11 categorisation, based on presenting distance visual acuity in better eye.34
‡The presence of at least 1 of 12 main causes in same person.