Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for DR severity classification
Parameter | AUC (95% CI)* | |||
No DM vs DM no DR group 1 | DR vs no DR group 2 | PDR vs NPDR group 3 | Multiclass† | |
Retinal OCTA metrics | ||||
Retina 500 µm annulus | ||||
SCP perfusion density, % | 0.668 (0.530 to 0.805) | 0.641 (0.561 to 0.722) | 0.613 (0.444 to 0.782) | 0.702 (0.626 to 0.778) |
DCP perfusion density, % | 0.730 (0.602 to 0.858) | 0.743 (0.645 to 0.840) | 0.638 (0.480 to 0.795) | 0.782 (0.721 to 0.844) |
SCP vessel density, % | 0.688 (0.545 to 0.832) | 0.633 (0.538 to 0.728) | 0.558 (0.400 to 0.716) | 0.697 (0.629 to 0.765) |
DCP vessel density, % | 0.729 (0.596 to 0.863) | 0.724 (0.616 to 0.832) | 0.617 (0.468 to 0.766) | 0.773 (0.709 to 0.837) |
Retina 1000 µm annulus | ||||
SCP perfusion density, % | 0.577 (0.442 to 0.712) | 0.697 (0.611 to 0.783) | 0.608 (0.427 to 0.789) | 0.702 (0.619 to 0.785) |
SCP vessel density, % | 0.546 (0.440 to 0.653) | 0.663 (0.560 to 0.765) | 0.612 (0.415 to 0.809) | 0.667 (0.577 to 0.758) |
FAZ metrics | ||||
Superficial area (mm2) | 0.626 (0.482 to 0.770) | 0.678 (0.568 to 0.787) | 0.574 (0.430 to 0.717) | 0.606 (0.526 to 0.686) |
Superficial perimeter (mm) | 0.458 (0.315 to 0.600) | 0.741 (0.662 to 0.820) | 0.586 (0.477 to 0.696) | 0.691 (0.618 to 0.764) |
Deep area (mm2) | 0.568 (0.436 to 0.700) | 0.520 (0.441 to 0.599) | 0.701 (0.551 to 0.850) | 0.627 (0.541 to 0.712) |
Deep perimeter (mm) | 0.546 (0.412 to 0.680) | 0.551 (0.464 to 0.638) | 0.534 (0.426 to 0.641) | 0.533 (0.473 to 0.593) |
Choriocapillaris flow deficits density, % | ||||
All | 0.579 (0.455 to 0.704) | 0.768 (0.680 to 0.855) | 0.690 (0.515 to 0.866) | 0.762 (0.697 to 0.826) |
>200 µm2 | 0.853 (0.757 to 0.950) | 0.751 (0.665 to 0.837) | 0.685 (0.484 to 0.887) | 0.834 (0.772 to 0.897) |
>400 µm2 | 0.840 (0.729 to 0.950) | 0.753 (0.670 to 0.837) | 0.699 (0.486 to 0.911) | 0.832 (0.771 to 0.893) |
>600 µm2 | 0.912 (0.839 to 0.985) | 0.748 (0.653 to 0.842) | 0.709 (0.529 to 0.889) | 0.855 (0.806 to 0.905) |
>800 µm2 | 0.654 (0.504 to 0.804) | 0.788 (0.708 to 0.868) | 0.755 (0.610 to 0.901) | 0.758 (0.686 to 0.830) |
Best one from each category‡ | 0.927 (0.865 to 0.989) | 0.861 (0.800 to 0.922) | 0.755 (0.630 to 0.880) | 0.878 (0.840 to 0.916) |
All parameters included§ | 0.993 (0.982 to 1.000) | 0.907 (0.853 to 0.961) | 0.816 (0.698 to 0.934) | 0.892 (0.855 to 0.929) |
AUC comparison* | z=1.91, p=0.056 | z=2.18, p=0.029 | z=1.92, p=0.055 | z=1.39, p=0.163 |
Comparison between retinal and choriocapillaris parameters | ||||
All retinal parameters | 0.821 (0.737 to 0.905) | 0.834 (0.753 to 0.916) | 0.667 (0.498 to 0.836) | 0.838 (0.786 to 0.890) |
All choriocapillaris parameters§ | 0.954 (0.909 to 0.999) | 0.789 (0.706 to 0.872) | 0.733 (0.577 to 0.889) | 0.830 (0.759 to 0.901) |
AUC comparison* | z=2.77, p=0.006 | z=1.07, p=0.286 | z=0.849, p=0.396 | z=0.334, p=0.738 |
The multiclass AUC is calculated as the average of all possible pairwise AUCs, ie, no DR-NPDR and NPDR-PDR.
*CIs and Wald-test p values were calculated using SEs from non-parametric cluster bootstrapping with individuals as the unit of sampling and stratified by DR severity.
†Hand and Till.67
‡Parameters selected in bold.
§Adjusted for age, gender and systolic blood pressure.
¶The first two principal components of a principal components analysis of the five flow deficit density parameters.
AUC, areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve; DCP, deep capillary plexus; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; FAZ, fovea avascular zone; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; SCP, superficial capillary plexus.