Table 2

Confusion matrices for deep convolutional ensemble and board-certified ophthalmologists showing the mean (and SD) per cent agreement between the predicted labels against the ground-truth labels over the test set

Deep convolutional ensembleOphthalmologists
NormalDRGlaucomaAMDNormalDRGlaucomaAMD
Ground-truth labelsNormal23.8%
(0.8%)		1.2%
(0.8%)		0.0%
(0.0%)		0.0%
(0.0%)		21.9%
(2.3%)		1.3%
(1.4%)		1.4%
(2.1%)		0.4%
(0.5%)
DR6.6%
(1.1%)		18.2%
(1.1%)		0%
(0.0%)		0.2%
(0.4%)		9.7%
(5.1%)		12.4%
(4.5%)		1.0%
(1.4%)		1.9%
(1.1%)
Glaucoma6.6%
(2.3%)		0.2%
(0.4%)		18.2%
(2.7%)		0.0%
(0.0%)		5.6%
(4.8%)		0.9%
(1.6%)		17.1%
(3.8%)		1.4%
(0.5%)
AMD3.2%
(0.4%)		2.8%
(1.5%)		0.0%
(0.0%)		19%
(1.2%)		0.7%
(0.8%)		2.6%
(1.5%)		0.4%
(0.5%)		21.3%
(1.4%)

  • Green cells indicate agreement between the ground-truth labels and predictions by the deep convolutional ensemble or ophthalmologists, and red cells similarly indicate disagreement

  • AMD, age-related macular degeneration; DR, diabetic retinopathy.