Baseline demographics
| Characteristic | Control n=137 | Missing | Adjunct n=143 | Missing | Total n=280 | Missing |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 123 (90%) | 0 | 123 (86%) | 0 | 246 (88%) | 0 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 113 (82%) | 0 | 120 (84%) | 0 | 233 (83%) | 0 |
| Black | 11 (8%) | 9 (6%) | 20 (7%) | |||
| Asian | 7 (5%) | 11 (8%) | 18 (6%) | |||
| Other | 3 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 6 (2%) | |||
| Mixed | 3 (2%) | 0 | 3 (1%) | |||
| Current smoker | 55 (41%) | 4 | 51 (36%) | 3 | 106 (39%) | 7 |
| Eye injured | ||||||
| Right | 67 (49%) | 0 | 70 (49%) | 0 | 137 (49%) | 0 |
| Left | 66 (48%) | 72 (50%) | 138 (49%) | |||
| Both | 4 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 5 (2%) | |||
| Glaucoma | 2 (1%) | 1 | 2 (1%) | 0 | 4 (1%) | 1 |
| Previous eye surgery | 67 (49%) | 0 | 82 (57%) | 0 | 149 (53%) | 0 |
| Macular disease | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 0 | 1 (<1%) | 1 |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||||
| Workplace incident | 40 (29%) | 0 | 48 (34%) | 0 | 88 (32%) | 0 |
| Road traffic accident | 5 (4%) | 6 (4%) | 11 (4%) | |||
| Interpersonal violence | 33 (24%) | 33 (23%) | 66 (24%) | |||
| Sports injury | 5 (4%) | 5 (3%) | 10 (4%) | |||
| Other Injury | 16 (12%) | 21 (15%) | 37 (13%) | |||
| Other domestic | 11 (8%) | 10 (7%) | 21 (8%) | |||
| Domestic gardening | 5 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (3%) | |||
| Domestic DIY | 10 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 13 (5%) | |||
| Iatrogenic | 0 | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | |||
| Fall | 12 (9%) | 11 (8%) | 23 (8%) | |||
| Previous primary repair | 95 (69%) | 0 | 110 (77%) | 1 | 205 (73%) | 1 |
| Time since primary repair (days) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 28 (12–151) | 26 (11–108) | 27 (12–119) | |||
| Classification of Injury | ||||||
| Rupture | 53 (39%) | 0 | 60 (42%) | 0 | 113 (40%) | 0 |
| Penetrating | 51 (37%) | 52 (36%) | 103 (37%) | |||
| Perforating | 4 (3%) | 7 (5%) | 11 (4%) | |||
| IOFB | 29 (21%) | 24 (17%) | 53 (19%) | |||
| Extent of injury | ||||||
| Zone 1 (cornea) | 51 (38%) | 2 | 44 (31%) | 1 | 95 (34%) | 3 |
| Zone 2 (limbus to muscle insertion) | 56 (41%) | 54 (38%) | 110 (40%) | |||
| Zone 3 (posterior to muscle insertion) | 28 (21%) | 44 (31%) | 72 (26%) | |||
| RAPD | ||||||
| Present | 17 (13%) | 2 | 26 (18%) | 0 | 43 (15%) | 2 |
| Not documented | 69 (51%) | 71 (50%) | 140 (50%) | |||
| Visual axis corneal scar | 32 (23%) | 0 | 40 (28%) | 0 | 72 (26%) | 0 |
| Uveitis | 26 (19%) | 0 | 26 (18%) | 0 | 52 (19%) | 0 |
| Hyphaemia | ||||||
| Absent | 96 (70%) | 0 | 90 (63%) | 0 | 186 (66%) | 0 |
| <50% | 24 (18%) | 26 (18%) | 50 (18%) | |||
| >50% | 17 (12%) | 27 (19%) | 44 (16%) | |||
| Iris | ||||||
| Normal | 52 (39%) | 2 | 59 (42%) | 2 | 111 (40%) | 4 |
| Incomplete | 63 (47%) | 72 (51%) | 135 (49%) | |||
| Incarcerated | 20 (15%) | 10 (7%) | 30 (11%) | |||
| Lens | ||||||
| Clear | 37 (27%) | 1 | 33 (24%) | 2 | 70 (25%) | 3 |
| Cataract | 46 (34%) | 50 (36%) | 96 (35%) | |||
| ACIOL | 0 | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | |||
| PCIOL | 12 (9%) | 8 (6%) | 20 (7%) | |||
| Aphakic | 41 (30%) | 48 (34%) | 89 (32%) | |||
| Vitreous haemorrhage | 85 (63%) | 2 | 97 (69%) | 2 | 182 (66%) | 4 |
| Endophthalmitis | 2 (1%) | 1 | 3 (2%) | 0 | 5 (2%) | 1 |
| Retinal detachment | ||||||
| TRD | 17 (12%) | 0 | 21 (15%) | 0 | 38 (14%) | 0 |
| RRD | 49 (36%) | 56 (39%) | 105 (38%) | |||
| Absent | 71 (52%) | 66 (46%) | 137 (49%) | |||
| Fovea involved? (TRD and RRD only) | ||||||
| Yes | 41 (62%) | 0 | 44 (57%) | 0 | 85 (59%) | 0 |
| Splitting | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | |||
| No | 25 (38%) | 32 (42%) | 57 (40%) | |||
| IOFB | ||||||
| None | 101 (74%) | 0 | 118 (83%) | 0 | 219 (78%) | 0 |
| Intravitreal | 13 (9%) | 18 (13%) | 31 (11%) | |||
| Intraretinal | 19 (14%) | 7 (5%) | 26 (9%) | |||
| Intrascleral | 4 (3%) | 0 | 4 (1%) | |||
| Presence of retinal incarceration | 25 (18%) | 0 | 38 (27%) | 0 | 63 (23%) | 0 |
| Presence of PVR C | 29 (21%) | 0 | 38 (27%) | 1 | 67 (24%) | 1 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 42.7 (15.3) | 0 | 46.8 (17.3) | 0 | 44.8 (16.5) | 0 |
| ETDRS VA in study eye (total score) | ||||||
| Mean, SD | 16.6 (30.5) | 0 | 10.4 (23.6) | 0 | 13.4 (27.3) | 0 |
| Median, IQR | 0.0 (0.0–11.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | |||
| Zero/very low | 98 (72%) | 111 (78%) | 209 (75%) | |||
| >0 | 39 (28%) | 32 (22%) | 71 (25%) | |||
| Where zero/very low, vision: | ||||||
| Counting finger | 10 (10%) | 9 (8%) | 19 (9%) | |||
| Hand movement | 60 (61%) | 54 (49%) | 114 (55%) | |||
| Perception light | 26 (27%) | 45 (41%) | 71 (34%) | |||
| No perception light | 2 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 5 (2%) | |||
| Where ETDRS VA>0 | ||||||
| Mean, SD | 58.3 (28.9) | 46.6 (28.4) | 53.0 (29.1) | |||
| Median, IQR | 64.0 (45.0–83.0) | 48.0 (21.0–66.0) | 58.0 (24.0–80.0) | |||
| IOP in study eye | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.4 (7.4) | 14 | 11.7 (6.4) | 12 | 12.0 (6.9) | 26 |
| Low | 92 (75%) | 103 (79%) | 195 (77%) | |||
| Normal | 21 (17%) | 18 (14%) | 39 (15%) | |||
| High | 10 (8%) | 10 (8%) | 20 (8%) |
ACIOL, anterior chamber intraocular lens; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; IOFB, intraocular foreign body; IOP, intraocular pressure; PCIOL, posterior chamber intraocular lens; PVR, proliferative vitreoretinopathy; RAPD, relative afferent pupillary defect; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; TRD, tractional retinal detachment; VA, visual acuity.