Table 2

The performance of MOPH in answering ophthalmic questions following evidence-based medicine (EBM)*. (a) Examples of the good responses from MOPH; (b) Examples of 'moderate/potentially misinterpretable inaccuracies' responses from MOPH; (c) Examples of 'poor or very poor' responses from MOPH

Table 2a. Examples of the ‘good’ responses from MOPH
	Questions	Answers	Scores
1	Should objective refraction be performed on children in ciliary paralysis state to determine refractive status?	It is necessary for children to undergo objective refraction under cycloplegia to determine their refractive status. This can ensure that the objective refraction results accurately reflect the true refractive status of the child, thereby guiding clinical treatment.	5
2	Can emotions such as anxiety and depression also cause dry eye?	Emotions such as anxiety and depression can also cause dry eye. In addition to systemic and topical medication, emotional factors are also considered to be a factor that causes dry eye. Therefore, when treating dry eye, it is necessary to fully inquire about the patient’s medical history and pay attention to their emotional state, to identify potential emotional factors such as anxiety or depression, and accordingly provide psychological guidance and treatment.	5

Table 2b. Examples of 'moderate/potentially misinterpretable inaccuracies' responses from MOPH
	Questions	Answers	Scores
1	For patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before puberty, should they start screening for diabetic retinopathy after puberty?	According to the relevant guidelines from countries such as Australia, Canada, UK and USA, patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before puberty should start screening for diabetic retinopathy by examining the fundus after puberty. This is because before puberty, the patient’s body development is not fully mature, and the examination of fundus lesions may cause discomfort to the patient, with a higher risk. After puberty, the patient’s body development is mature, and they can cooperate better with the examination, and also better detect diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, these guidelines suggest screening for diabetic retinopathy by examining the fundus after puberty.	3
2	For patients with uveal melanoma, who have orbital invasion, is it recommended to perform enucleation?	According to the known information, patients with uveal melanoma who have invaded the orbit are advised to undergo orbital content removal surgery. This is because in uveal melanoma, there are often symptoms of enophthalmos, and orbital content removal surgery can better protect the eyeball, which is beneficial for the patient’s rapid healing. It should be noted that during the surgery, the eyelids should be preserved as much as possible to facilitate rapid healing.	3

Table 2c. Examples of 'poor or very poor' responses from MOPH
	Questions	Answers	Scores
1	Is the lower limit of normal visual acuity for children aged 3–5 years 0.5?	The lower limit of normal vision reference value for children aged 3–5 years is 0.7, not 0.5.	1
2	Can patients with keratoconus or other types of corneal ectasia undergo transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK)?	Patients with keratoconus or other types of corneal ectasia can undergo transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK). TransPRK is a type of surface ablation laser surgery that aims to correct refractive errors. This surgery is suitable for general patients who have a desire to remove their glasses, have reasonable expectations of the surgical outcome, and are over 18 years old. However, patients need to understand the risks and benefits of the surgery before the surgery, and fully understand the surgical process. Absolute contraindications include severe ocular surface diseases that may affect corneal epithelial healing, ocular active inflammatory reactions, keratoconus or other types of corneal ectasia, corneal thinning, severe dry eye, severe ocular adnexal lesions, glaucoma, cataracts that affect vision, and uncontrolled systemic connective tissue diseases and autoimmune diseases.	1

*All questions/answers are independently prompted/responded by MOPH using Chinese. The English versions are directly translated from Chinese for each pair.
MOPH, large language model of ophthalmology.