Regular articlePlasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Overexpression in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
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Retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: Role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
2021, Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :Taken together, these findings indicate increased activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during late stage development of DR. Therefore, it remains plausible that in early stages of DR, degradation of ECM components is decreased ultimately leading to thickening of the BM, while in the later stages of DR, increased local activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 allows endothelial cell sprouting during neovascularization leading to angiogenesis (Abreu and de Brito Vieira, 2016; Mohammad and Siddiquei, 2012; Naduk-Kik and Hrabec, 2008). In parallel, several studies suggest that levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease, which can lower matrix degradation of BM components such as laminin and fibronectin (Krag et al., 2005; Levin and Santell, 1987), are elevated in retinal microvessels of diabetic subjects (Lorenzi et al., 1998) and in the vitreous of non-proliferative DR patients (Grant et al., 1996). These findings support the suggestion that in early stages of DR, excess synthesis of ECM components may also be accompanied by decreased degradation, contributing to the overall thickening of the retinal vascular BM.
Identification of genes related to proliferative diabetic retinopathy through RWR algorithm based on protein–protein interaction network
2018, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :The herb andrographolide ameliorates DR via attenuating retinal angiogenesis and inflammation, during which Egr1 signaling pathway plays an important role [64]. As the downstream gene of Egr1 [65], SERPINE1 has been found that its upregulation in plasma was associated with the progression of DR [66,67]. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium cells plays a key role in PDR.
Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits retinal pericyte injury in db/db mice and retinal neovascularization in mice with ischemic retinopathy
2015, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :PAI-1 plays an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. High levels of PAI-1 have been observed in serum [39], vitreous [40] and retinal microvasculature [41] of patients with diabetes. Furthermore, the retinal vasculature of transgenic mice that overexpress PAI-1 exhibited an increase in the basal membranes and E/P ratio, similar to diabetic retinopathy [42].
Andrographolide ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal angiogenesis and inflammation
2015, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General SubjectsCitation Excerpt :Serpine1, also named plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, is a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen (tPA) and acts as the primary regulator of fibrinolysis, which is critically involved in modulating extracellular matrix proteolysis [38]. Recent studies demonstrate that the increased plasma serpine1 content is associated with the progression of DR [39,40]. TF, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is involved in regulating blood coagulation, and recent reports demonstrate its potential regulation of angiogenesis [41,42].
Low shear stress up-regulation of proinflammatory gene expression in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells
2013, Experimental Eye ResearchMouse models of diabetic retinopathy
2013, Drug Discovery Today: Disease ModelsCitation Excerpt :Plasmin degrades fibrin and blood basement membrane components [54]. PAI-1 is increased in diabetic eye suggesting a role of this inhibitor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy [55]. Transgenic mice overexpressing human PAI-1 under the control of the murine metallothionein I promoter showed thickened blood basement membrane and loss of pericytes [56].
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