Regular articleGlutamine Immunoreactivity in Müller Cells of Monkey Eyes with Experimental Glaucoma☆
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2015, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational ScienceCitation Excerpt :The unique distribution of Müller cells through the thickness of the retina allows them to interact with every cell type in the tissue, rendering these glial cells hypersensitive to changes in the retinal environment. These macroglial cells are the most abundant glial cell in the retina and encompass a number of important roles including recycling the neurotransmitter glutamate,63 an excess of which is toxic to the retina,109 and in response to glaucoma or damage, Müller glia upregulate the enzyme catalyzing this process, glutamine synthetase.63,110 Activated Müller cells also upregulate GFAP, which manifests as visible filaments through cross sections of retinal tissue,63,81 and express growth factors, neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitter transporters, and antioxidant agents that are thought to combat damaging stimuli and protect RGCs.62
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Osborne, N. N.Chader, G. J.
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Address for correspondence and/or reprint requests: Dr Louvenia Carter-Dawson, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin, Suite 7.024, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Houston, Texas 77030, U.S.A.