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Progressive changes in congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium

An electron microscopic study

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Abstract

A disc-shaped flat, heavily pigmented tumour (5 mm diameter) was discovered at the retinal periphery in a glutaraldehyde fixed eye which was enucleated in treatment of a peripapillary melanoma in a 60 year old man. The macroscopic appearances of the peripheral lesion were identical to those described in clinical reports as “Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE”. By light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the hamartoma consisted of a hypertrophic and hyperplastic layer of RPE cells beneath an atrophic outer retina. The hyperplastic RPE cells did not contain lipofuscin and the content and size of the abnormal melanin granules increased towards the retinal aspect. The cells were linked by complex process interdigitations and attachments; the intercellular spaces contained basement membrane material and 100 nm banded collagen. Large vacuolar structures were prominent in the cells adjacent to the normal choriocapillaris. In the RPE cells at the periphery there was an excess lipofuscin and here there were recognisable outer segments. The morphological pattern suggested that this lesion should be considered as a congenital hypertrophy of the RPE which has progressed to focal segmental hyperplasia and focal atrophy.

Zusammenfassung

Eine kreisrunde, flache Hyperpigmentierung (5 mm Ø) wurde in der Netzhautperipherie eines glutaraldehydfixierten Auges entdeckt. Die Enukleation war wegen eines papillennahen Melanoms erfolgt. Makroskopisch entsprach die periphere Hyperpigmentierung einer in der klinischen Literatur als “kongenitale Hypertrophie des retinalen Pigmentepithels” beschriebenen Veränderung. Licht- und transmissionselektronenmikroskopisch handelte es sich um hypertrophe und hyperplastische Schichten von RPE-Zellen unterhalb einer atrophischen Retina. Die hyperplastischen RPE-Zellen enthielten kein Lipofuszin, Menge und Größe von anomalen Melaningranula nahm zur Retina hin zu. Die Zellen waren durch komplexe Interdigitationen und Junktionen ihrer Fortsätze verbunden, die Interzellularräume enthielten basalmembranähnliches Material and Kollagen von 100 nm Periodizität. In den der normalen Choriocapillaris benachbarten Zellen fielen große vakuoläre Strukturen auf. In der RPE-Zellen am Rande der Läsion fand sich vermehrt Lipofuszin, hier waren auch die retinalen Rezeptorzellfortsätze erhalten. Aus der morphologischen Struktur der beschriebenen Veränderung wird geschlossen, daß es sich um eine “kongenitale Hypertrophie des RPE” handelt, die fokal sowohl zur Hyperplasie als auch zur Atrophie fortgeschritten ist.

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This work was performed at the Tennent Institute, Glasgow. Dr. Wirz was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Wi 637/1-1)

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Wirz, K., Lee, W.R. & Coaker, T. Progressive changes in congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 219, 214–221 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231238

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00231238

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