Lipid peroxide levels of serum lipoprotein fractions of diabetic patients

doi:10.1016/0006-2944(81)90096-X

Biochemical Medicine

Volume 25, Issue 3, June 1981, Pages 373-378

Biochemical Medicine

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2944(81)90096-X Get rights and content

Abstract

The elevation of lipid peroxide level has been considered as a cause of the degeneration of organs or tissues (1–6). It was also considered that the lipid peroxide formed in the primary site would be transferred via blood to other organs or tissues where the damage would be provoked by the propagation of lipid peroxidation (7,8).

Recently, it was reported from our laboratory that plasma lipid peroxide levels of diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of control subjects and that the levels in diabetics with angiopathy were markedly higher than those in diabetics without angiopathy (9). From these results, we suspected that a high level of lipid peroxide in plasma would be, at least partly, the cause of angiopathy in patients suffering from diabetes, and that it would be worthwhile to obtain further information on the lipid peroxides of blood plasma of diabetic patients. The present paper deals with the lipid peroxide levels of serum lipoprotein fractions of diabetic patients examined in relation to some abnormal features of lipid metabolism.

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Diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation are associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients
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We analyzed the DM patients as separate groups based on the quality of metabolic control. As expected we observed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines in poorly controlled diabetics when compared to the other groups, consistent with other reports (Chisolm et al., 1992; Colas et al., 2010; Dennis et al., 2010; Gambino et al., 2004; Hussein et al., 2007; Mirza et al., 2012; Nishigaki, Hagihara, Tsunekawa, Maseki, & Yagi, 1981; Nishimura, Iwamoto, & Soga, 2007; Sundaram et al., 1996). However, analysis of the data considering the metabolic status and lipid profile allowed us to observe novel findings related to the impact of dyslipidemia on the level of systemic inflammation in well-controlled diabetics.
The effect of the interaction between type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia on inflammation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) has not been assessed.
To investigate whether diabetes coupled with dyslipidemia alters oxidative metabolism leading to increased LPO products and inflammatory status.
100 patients were divided into four groups based upon diabetic and dyslipidemic status: poorly controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-PC/D), well-controlled diabetes with dyslipidemia (DM-WC/D), normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia (NG/D), and normoglycemic individuals without dyslipidemia (NG/ND). Plasma was evaluated for an LPO product (MDA), antioxidant levels and inflammatory cytokines.
Diabetics presented significantly higher levels of LPO (p < 0.05) and the DM-PC/D had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and MDA in the plasma in comparison with normoglycemics (p < 0.05). Interestingly IL1-β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DM-WC/D were not statistically different from those in DM-PC/D. Normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia presented significantly increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared to normoglycemic without dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). MDA levels were also positively correlated with the presence of DM complications (r = 0.42, p < 0.01).
These findings show that dyslipidemia is associated with an increased inflammatory status, even in well-controlled diabetics and in normoglycemics. Our results suggest that lipid metabolism and peroxidation are important for the development of inflammation, which is elevated in several complications associated with diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress—A concise review
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Increase in the levels of glucose and insulin along with dyslipidemia in patients suffering from diabetes develops macroangiopathies that cause oxidative stress leading to atherosclerosis (Giugliano et al., 1995). ROS reacts with some amino acid in vitro, producing anything from modified, denatured and non-functioning proteins that in further may be responsible for oxidative stress (Nishigaki et al., 1981) Diabetic hyperglycemia, by the process of free radical production, causes protein glycation and oxidative degeneration. The degree of such protein glycation is estimated by using some biomarkers such as glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine levels.
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Lipid peroxide levels of serum lipoprotein fractions of diabetic patients

Abstract

Biochem. Med.

Biochem. Med.

Clin. Chim. Acta

Anal. Biochem.

J. Chron. Dis.

Amer. J. Clin. Nutr.

Clin. Chim. Acta

Acta Pathol.

Physiol. Rev.