Coexpression of FGF-5 and bFGF by the retinal pigment epithelium in vitro
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Exposure to excessive blue LED light damages retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors of pigmented mice
2018, Experimental Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :The RPE also produces and secretes many different types of growth factors needed to build and maintain the choroid and photoreceptors. For example, the RPE supplies fibroblast growth factors, FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-5, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)(Bost et al., 1992, 1994; Connolly et al., 1992; Matsumoto et al., 1994), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)(Campochiaro et al., 1989, 1994), VEGF(Adamis et al., 1993), and other factors to the retina and choroid. The melanosomes in the RPE cells play important roles in light absorption and removing free radicals from the RPE.
Retinal pigment epithelium-secretome: A diabetic retinopathy perspective
2017, CytokineCitation Excerpt :The secretary proteins from the RPE cells are released either on the apical cell side by the NaK-ATPase channel or the basal side by the anion channel [1]. The RPE cells secrete a number of growth factors, anti/pro-angiogenic and neurotrophic factors such as the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) [31–33], VEGF [34], fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-5) [35], transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [36], insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) [37], nerve growth factor (NGF) [38], brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) [39], connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [40], platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [41], lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) [42], members of the interleukin family [43], matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) [44], tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (TIMP) [44], placental growth factor (PIGF) [45], and angiogenin [46]. Recently, few more factors have also been found to be synthesized in the RPE cells, such as somatostatin [47], erythropoietin (EPO) [48], and apolipo protein (Apo) A1 [49].
Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Relationships between the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane/choriocapillaris complex
2012, Molecular Aspects of MedicineCitation Excerpt :In addition to removal of waste from the PR by either recycling it or completely degrading it, the RPE can exocytose the remains for the CC for clearance from the retina. The RPE is known to produce and to secrete a variety of growth factors: fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-5) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (Bost et al., 1992, 1994; Caruelle et al., 1989; Connolly et al., 1992; Dunn et al., 1998; Hageman et al., 1991; Ishigooka et al., 1993; Khaliq et al., 1995; Matsumoto et al., 1994; Sternfeld et al., 1989; Tanihara et al., 1993), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (Martin and Haywood, 1992; Slomiany and Rosenzweig, 2004), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (Cao et al., 1997; Walsh et al., 2001), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (Campochiaro et al., 1994, 1989), VEGF (Adamis et al., 1993), lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) (Ahuja et al., 2001), members of the interleukin family (Streilein et al., 2002; Wenkel and Streilein, 2000), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) to help build and sustain the choroid and photoreceptors (Streilein et al., 2002; Wenkel and Streilein, 2000). The RPE is also important in wound healing.
Growth-related effects of oxidant-induced stress on cultured RPE and choroidal endothelial cells
2008, Experimental Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :In the normal adult retina, bFGF is expressed in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers (Gao and Hollyfield, 1992; Kostyk et al., 1994). Additionally, RPE cells are able to express bFGF (Bost et al., 1992; Schweigerer et al., 1987; Sternfeld et al., 1989). Information has been provided that bFGF exerts functions as a survival-promoting neurotrophic/neuroprotective factor in the outer retina.
Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Ribonucleic Acid Interference Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α
2007, American Journal of OphthalmologyTransplantation of the RPE in AMD
2007, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research