Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample☆
Section snippets
Subject recruitment, inclusion, and exclusion criteria
All protocols followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent was obtained from all subjects after explanation of the nature and possible consequences of the study. The Institutional Review Board of the Indiana University School of Medicine approved all protocols. Two hundred eighty healthy adult volunteers in Indianapolis and bordering counties were recruited to make a single clinic visit to Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI). Students at, or
Results
The demographics of the subject population are summarized in Table 1. Dietary and biologic measures are summarized in Table 2. Note that the subjects in this sample tend to be young (45% in their 30s) and are equally divided by gender and iris color. Moreover, smoking and dietary behavior tend to reflect national norms, as discussed later. The distribution of MP values in this sample is shown in Figure 1. The distribution of the values is slightly bimodal. As also shown in Figure 1, many of
Discussion
This study surveyed 280 subjects from the Indianapolis area to determine what factors influence the MP density of the average American’s retina. MP density was determined by noninvasive measurement, and these values were then related to carotenoid concentrations in the serum, dietary patterns, and personal characteristics as assessed by questionnaire. The larger sample size used in this study allowed for a simultaneous assessment of MP predictors in a general linear model, although the sample
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Supported by The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York. Dr. Ciulla is a recipient of a Career Development Award from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York.