Short communicationSexual dimorphism and aromatase in the rat retina
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Acknowledgements
This work was support, in part, by NSF grant IBN-9507972 (E.D. Lephart), NSF grant IBN-9728581 (T.L. Horvath) and NIH grant MN-59847 (T.L. Horvath).
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The lack of Irs2 induces changes in the immunocytochemical expression of aromatase in the mouse retina
2022, Annals of AnatomyCitation Excerpt :It is worth mentioning that there are few studies analyzing the expression of aromatase in the retina, and those using mammals as experimental models are even scarcer. In this regard, aromatase has also been shown to be present in embryonic rat pigmented layer (PL), where the enzyme presumably participates in retinal differentiation through the regulation of its thickness (Salyer et al., 2001). In the adult male rat retina, aromatase immunohistochemical expression has also been found in some cell bodies of the photoreceptors layer, being intense in its inner segment, as well as in the outer part of INL and OPL (Cascio et al., 2007, 2015).
Effect of age and sex on neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in the healthy eye: Longitudinal functional and structural study in the Long–Evans rat
2020, Experimental Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :The expression of retinal genes linked to age (especially fibroblasts, RGCs and microglia) has shown a sex-dependent influence (Du et al., 2017). For instance, receptors to the sex steroid hormones were found in the eye (Wickham et al., 2000), the retina synthesizes estrogens (Salyer et al., 2000; Cascio et al., 2007), and estrogens have been shown to exert a protective effect on the eye from both a functional (lower IOP measurements, better vascularization of the optic nerve, and higher signals recorded by ERG (Chaychi et al., 2015) and automated perimetry) and structural perspective (neuroprotection in photoreceptors and RGCs (Pietrucha-Dutczak et al., 2018) Nuzzi et al., 2018; Nuzzi et al., 2019). Moreover, some studies also found greater mitochondrial (Tower, 2017) and oxidative damage (Tenkorang et al., 2018) with age in males.
Infant perception of sex differences in biological motion displays
2018, Journal of Experimental Child PsychologyThe estrogenic retina: The potential contribution to healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases of the retina
2015, SteroidsCitation Excerpt :The P450aro enzyme required for testosterone aromatization into E2 is located in photosensitive cell bodies and segments, and at neuronal cells and synaptic layers in the outer part of the retina. Salyer et al. [37], showed expression of P450aro also in embryonic rat RPE, and a recent study reports aromatase also in the capillary of choroid of rats [54]. Our studies have proved E2 synthesis from aromatization of testosterone in a neurosteroidogenic pathway, via cholesterol, progesterone and/or testosterone metabolism [2,3,5].
High affinity nuclear and nongenomic estradiol binding sites in the human and mouse lens
2013, Experimental Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :Therefore, detection of specific binding in the older lenses indicates estrogen binding sites still exist that would allow the lens to respond to estrogen. Accordingly, estrogens produced systemically or locally via enzymes in ocular tissues (Cascio et al., 2007; Salyer et al., 2001) as well as exposure to pharmaceutical, dietary, and environmental estrogens could still induce estrogen-regulated responses in the lenses of postmenopausal women. Expression of ERα, ERβ, and GPER transcripts was also modified with age in the human lenses.