The development of optokinetic nystagmus in strabismic and monocularly enucleated subjects
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Cited by (41)
More than meets the eye: Longitudinal visual system neurodevelopment in very preterm children and anophthalmia
2020, NeuroImage: ClinicalCitation Excerpt :Functionally, AC performed within normal range across most visual assessment measures (acuity and contrast sensitivity), only showing deficits in temporalward motion perception. Behavioural data from Reed et al. (1991) found this same nasalward motion bias in enucleates. The physiological explanations suggest that crossed nasal fibres may be recruiting geniculate cells associated with the enucleated eye, which results in the cortical space having higher levels of innervation from the remaining eye (Rakic, 1981; González et al., 2008; K. Kelly et al., 2014).
Early monocular enucleation selectively disrupts neural development of face perception in the occipital face area
2019, Experimental Eye ResearchCitation Excerpt :Monocular enucleation during infancy or early childhood disrupts binocularity during the critical periods of visual system development, and has been shown to result in a dissociation in visual ability (see (Steeves et al., 2008; Kelly et al., 2013a) for reviews). On the one hand, motion perception is adversely affected (Kelly et al., 2013b; González et al., 2014; Reed et al., 1991; Steeves et al., 2002) but on the other hand, low-to mid-level spatial form vision, such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and global form perception are unaffected and at times enhanced (Kelly et al., 2013b; Reed et al., 1996; Steeves et al., 2004). Recently, we have shown a moderate behavioural impairment on a higher-level aspect of spatial form vision, namely face perception, in adults who were unilaterally enucleated at a young age (Kelly et al., 2012).
Increased cortical surface area and gyrification following long-term survival from early monocular enucleation
2015, NeuroImage: ClinicalCitation Excerpt :Monocular enucleation at such a young age is likely to alter visual system development since half of the visual inputs are deafferented at a time when the brain is not fully mature. Behavioural studies show that early-enucleated adults exhibit impairments in motion perception including motion-defined letter recognition and speed discrimination, and different patterns of oculomotor function compared to binocularly intact controls (Reed et al., 1991; Steeves et al., 2002; Kelly et al., 2013b). These data indicate a critical period for receiving balanced binocular input for the development of these visual abilities.
Unaffected smooth pursuit but impaired motion perception in monocularly enucleated observers
2014, Vision ResearchCitation Excerpt :In the macaque, for instance, cells with directional and disparity selectivity are found from area V1 onwards (Maunsell & Van Essen, 1983b). The failure to replicate the naso-temporal and upper/lower hemifield asymmetries in motion perception that are sometimes (Bowns, Kirshner, & Steinbach, 1994; Reed et al., 1991), but not always (Kelly, Gallie, & Steeves, 2012), found in enucleated observers may be due to differences in age at enucleation (AAE) in the different studies. Because it takes approximately 6 months for central vision to be obstructed by an intraocular tumor, some of our participants may have experienced a period of binocular vision.
Altered anterior visual system development following early monocular enucleation
2014, NeuroImage: ClinicalCitation Excerpt :The contralateral bias in the optic tracts of our early ME participants, as well as that previously seen for enucleated rodents (Godement et al., 1987; Guillery, 1989), suggests that the crossed nasal fibres may be behind this cell recruitment. In line with this are behavioural data showing a preference for nasalward over temporalward motion for eye movement responses, specifically optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (Reed et al., 1991; Day, 1995), and for coherent motion discrimination (Steeves et al., 2002) in early monocularly enucleated patients. Further supporting this notion are behavioural findings of earlier development of peripheral acuity in the temporal visual field (i.e. nasal retina) compared to nasal visual field (i.e. temporal retina) (Lewis and Maurer, 1992; Courage and Adams, 1996), and morphological data showing higher cone density in the nasal compared to temporal retina in adults (Curcio et al., 1990).
Timing of surgery for infantile esotropia: Sensory and motor outcomes
2008, Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology