Original ArticleAssociation of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Alzheimer or Parkinson Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Section snippets
Study Population
This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Catholic University of Korean Institutional Review Board (IRB number: VC16EISI0022). The requirement for informed consent was waived, as the NHIS anonymized all participants according to strict confidentiality guidelines prior to distribution. This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and all relevant laws in South Korea.
The study population was derived from the Korean National Health Insurance
Results
Table 1 depicts the descriptive characteristics for the study population. The number of participants without and with AMD were 306,127 and 2,213, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) age of non-AMD and AMD participants were 60.4 (7.8) and 65.9 (8.0) years, respectively. The number (%) of men among participants without and with AMD were 157,595 (51.5) and 999 (45.1), respectively. Compared to non-AMD participants, patients with AMD tended to be older, be female, have higher household
Discussion
In this longitudinal population-based study of more than 300,000 participants, we have demonstrated that AMD was associated with higher risk for AD and PD. This risk-increasing association of AMD with AD and PD was preserved even among participants who were never-smokers, did not consume alcohol, and exercised regularly. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that AMD was associated with higher risk for AD and PD even after taking into consideration lifestyle behaviors.
A number of
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