Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Major articleA comparison of photorefraction and retinoscopy in children
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
Because a photorefraction machine is particularly convenient for vision screening, and because screening is often conducted in daycare centers and elementary schools, the current study specifically compared the performance of a photorefraction device with gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscopy in children in this age range.
Refraction was measured with the Plusoptix CR03 and with cycloplegic retinoscopy in 204 eyes in 204 consecutive healthy children (92 boys and 112 girls), who were seen in the
Results
With photorefraction, average S and SE values were +0.05 ± 0.65 D (range, −3.75 to +1.50 D) and +0.26 ± 0.63 D (range, −2.38 to +2.00 D), respectively. With cycloplegic retinoscopy, average S and SE values were +0.75 ± 0.77 D (range, −1.50 to +3.50 D) and +0.90 ± 0.76 D (range, −1.50 to 3.88 D), respectively. We found moderate correlation between the two methods for measurements of S (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and SE (r = 0.63, p < 0.001). The average cylinder power was +0.43 ± 0.38 D for
Discussion
Photorefraction allows the remote measurement of refractive error by analyzing the vergence of light reflected from the fundus.7 Commercially available photorefractive devices have been used for a number of years. For example, the MTI photoscreener (Medical Technology & Innovations, Inc., Cedar Falls, IA) is used in preschool screening in the United States.17, 18, 19, 20, 21 The first commercial videorefractor using eccentric photorefraction was the TOMEY ViVA (Fortune Optical, Padova, Italy),
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The authors have no financial interest in any of the products mentioned in the article and received no financial support or sponsorships.