Development of the National Eye Institute refractive error correction quality of life questionnaire: Focus groups☆
Section snippets
Participating centers
Clinical sites for focus groups and pilot testing were selected in 1997 to insure geographic diversity, participation by both ophthalmologists and optometrists, and ability to recruit patients who met the eligibility criteria. The NEI-RQL focus groups were conducted at the ophthalmic or optometric practices of 5 academic medical centers, including The University of Alabama, Birmingham; The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston; The University of Illinois, Chicago; University of
Study population
Fifty-two focus groups were conducted from December 1997 through March 1998. Each focus group lasted from 1 to 2 hours. Table 1 provides a summary of the number of groups conducted and participants included in the analyses of focus groups, overall and by participating center. The focus groups consisted of a total of 414 participants, with a mean of 8 participants per group and a range of from 2 (one group only) to 15 participants. Two hundred forty-seven participants (60%) were myopes, 146
Discussion
Although focus groups have been successfully used in the design of the NEI-VFQ, a vision-targeted quality of life instrument16 the study population consisted of individuals with severe ophthalmic pathologies characterized by loss of central acuity, visual field, or both. During planning of this study, it was unknown whether people with eyes corrected to excellent levels of visual acuity as measured by standard tools such as Snellen acuity would experience enough problems related to functioning
Acknowledgements
This work was the joint product of many individuals. In particular, the authors recognize the contributions of focus group participants who generously shared their time and experiences. Technical Advisory Committee: Leon B. Ellwein, PhD, National Eye Institute; Anthony J. Adams, OD, PhD, University of California at Berkeley; Richard L. Abbott, MD, American Academy of Ophthalmology; A. Ralph Rosenthal, MD, Food and Drug Administration; Sally Shumaker, PhD, Wake Forest University School of
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Manuscript No. 210872.
Reprint requests to NEIS Publications, The EMMES Corporation, 401 North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850-1707, USA. [email protected].
The National Eye Institute was responsible for Technical Advisory Committee appointment and funded 90% of the project under a support contract (no. NO1-EY-6-2112) with The EMMES Corporation; additional funding was provided by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Allergan, Inc., Bausch & Lomb, Inc., and others in industry.