The 10-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Beijing Eye Study

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.033

Ophthalmology

Volume 120, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 803-808

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.033 Get rights and content

Objective

To assess the 10-year incidence of retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and associated factors in adult Chinese subjects.

Design

Population-based, longitudinal study.

Participants

The Beijing Eye Study, which included 4439 subjects (age: 40+ years) in 2001, was repeated in 2011 with 2695 subjects participating (66.4% of the survivors).

Methods

The study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Fundus photographs were examined for the new development of RVOs, differentiated into branch RVOs (BRVOs) and central RVOs (CRVOs).

Main Outcome Measures

Incidence of RVOs.

Results

Incident RVOs were detected in 51 eyes (49 subjects) with an incidence of 1.9±0.1 per 100 persons and 1.0±0.1 per 100 eyes. Incidence of BRVO was 1.6±0.1 per 100 subjects (43 subjects [88% of patients with RVO]; 44 eyes), and incidence of CRVO was 0.3±0.1 per 100 persons. Of 61 patients with an RVO in 2001 and 25 subjects reexamined in 2011, at least 4 subjects (7%) developed a second RVO. Incident BRVOs were located more often in the superior temporal quadrant and inferior temporal quadrant (32% and 34%, respectively) than in the superior nasal quadrant and inferior nasal quadrant (21% and 14%, respectively). In 35 eyes (80% of the BRVO eyes), the BRVO was located at an arteriovenous crossing. At the crossing sites, arterioles were found superficial to venules in 28 eyes (64% of the BRVO eyes). Macular edema was detected in 18 (37%) of all RVO eyes, including 13 (30%) of BRVO eyes. In multivariate logistic analysis, incident RVOs were associated with higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.01; odds ratio [OR], 1.04), hypertension (P = 0.03; OR, 4.62), lower cognitive function score (P = 0.007; OR, 0.88), blood concentration of cholesterol ≥5.72 mmol/L (P = 0.007; OR, 3.29), and status after cerebral infarction/hemorrhage (P = 0.02; OR, 1.19). Incident RVOs were not significantly related to the intake of aspirin (P=0.37).

Conclusions

The 10-year incidence of RVOs in Greater Beijing (1.9±0.1 per 100 persons) was similar to that in other studies on Caucasian populations. The 10-year incidence of RVOs was related to the known risk factors of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and status after cerebral infarction/hemorrhage, as well as with a lower cognitive function score. Incident BRVO was approximately 6 times more frequent than incident CRVO. Macular edema was detected in approximately 30% of BRVO eyes.

Financial Disclosure(s)

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Section snippets

Baseline Characteristics of the Beijing Eye Study

The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based prospective cohort study in Greater Beijing that started in 2001 at baseline. The Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital approved the study protocol. The study was divided into an urban part and a rural part. The urban part was selected from the Haidian urban district, which was a typical urban region in the northern part of central Beijing. The rural part was selected from the rural village area of Yufa in the county of Daxing District,

Baseline Data

In 2011, of all 4439 participants who participated in the baseline examination, 2695 (1139 men [42.3%]) were reexamined, whereas 379 participants were dead and 1365 subjects did not agree to be reexamined or had moved away. The response rate was 60.7% of the original cohort, or 66.4% of the survivors. Study participants were significantly (P<0.001) younger than nonparticipants and lived more often in the rural region. Both groups did not differ in refractive error (P = 0.23) and gender (P =

Discussion

In the 10-year follow-up of our study population from 2001, the incidence of RVOs was 1.9±0.1 per 100 persons and 1.0±0.1 per 100 eyes, with an incidence of 1.6±0.1 per 100 subjects for BRVOs and 0.3±0.1 per 100 persons for CRVOs. Of 61 patients with an RVO in 2001 and with 38 of these subjects reexamined in 2006 and 25 subjects reexamined in 2011, at least 4 (7%) developed a second RVO during the 10-year follow-up period. Macular edema was detected in 18 (37%) of all RVO eyes, including 13

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To determine and compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and oral acetazolamide (OA) combination therapy versus IVB monotherapy in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).
This randomized clinical trial included 54 eyes of 52 patients with RVO central macular thickness (CMT) of more than 300 μm, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/400 and 20/40. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: (I) IVB and OA (250 mg twice daily) combination therapy or (II) IVB monotherapy. Ocular injections were repeated monthly for up to three months; BCVA and CMT were measured monthly.
Both regimens resulted in significant reduction in CMT (534 ± 150 μm to 352 ± 90 μm in the IVB + OA group, P < 0.001; and 580 ± 175 μm to 362 ± 90 μm in the IVB group, P < 0.001); neither showed superiority in this regard. Likewise, BCVA showed significant improvement in both groups (0.87 ± 0.56 to 0.53 ± 0.28 LogMAR in the IVB + OA group, P = 0.001; and 0.85 ± 0.62 to 0.46 ± 0.4 LogMAR in the IVB group, P < 0.001), with no intergroup difference.
Addition of oral acetazolamide to IVB in eyes with macular edema secondary to RVO may not result in additional short-term benefits regarding functional and anatomical outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05290948, registered on March 22, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05290948
L’objectif était de déterminer et de comparer l’efficacité du traitement combiné intravitréen bevacizumab (IVB) et acétazolamide (OA) par rapport à la monothérapie IVB chez les patients présentant un œdème maculaire secondaire à une occlusion veineuse rétinienne (RVO).
Cet essai clinique randomisé a inclus 54 yeux de 52 patients avec une OVR et une épaisseur maculaire centrale (CMT) de plus de 300 μm et une meilleure acuité visuelle corrigée (MAVC) entre 20/400 et 20/40. Les patients éligibles ont été répartis au hasard en deux groupes : (I) thérapie combinée IVB et OA (250 mg, deux fois par jour) ou (II) monothérapie IVB. Les injections oculaires ont été répétées tous les mois pendant jusqu’à trois mois ; BCVA et CMT ont été mesurés mensuellement.
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Association between Retinal Vein Occlusion and Life's Simple 7 Cardiovascular Health Metrics: A Large Claims Database Study
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Cardiovascular diseases and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have many risk factors in common. We aimed to investigate the associations between RVO occurrence and each of the cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics known as Life’s Simple 7, which are indicators of an unhealthy lifestyle.
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Individuals in the JMDC Claims Database (JMDC Inc) who underwent health checkups between 2005 and 2020.
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The hazard ratios for RVO and CRVO occurrence for (1) each component of the CVH metrics and (2) the nonideal CVH score.
We included 2 093 536 individuals. During a mean follow-up period of 1070 ± 884 days, there were 3265 RVO and 789 CRVO events. An increased risk of RVO occurrence was most strongly associated with a nonideal BP (hazard ratio [HR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06–2.46), followed by a nonideal body mass index (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21–1.41). Individuals with nonimprovement in BP within 1 year showed a higher risk of RVO occurrence than those with improvement (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.70–2.52). The adjusted HRs of the groups with nonideal CVH scores of 6 to 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 were 3.76 (2.66–5.30), 2.87 (2.06–4.00), 2.57 (1.85–3.57), 2.22 (1.60–3.08), 1.79 (1.29–2.48), and 1.39 (0.99–1.95), respectively, compared with the group with a score of 0. Similar results were observed for CRVO.
The strongest risk factor for RVO was nonideal BP, followed by nonideal body mass index. There was a dose-dependent positive association between a nonideal CVH score and RVO occurrence. These findings are important with respect to the identification of individuals at higher risk of RVO.
Novel Association between Opioid Use and Increased Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion Using the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program
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: Manuscript no. 2012-358.

: Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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Original articleThe 10-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Beijing Eye Study

Objective

Design

Participants

Methods

Main Outcome Measures

Results

Conclusions

Financial Disclosure(s)

Section snippets

Baseline Characteristics of the Beijing Eye Study

Baseline Data

Discussion

Ophthalmology

J Psychiatr Res

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology

The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion: pooled data from population studies from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmoskopische Notizen: Über die Farbe des Augengrundes

Albrecht von Graefes Arch Ophthalmol

The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc

Prevalence and risk factors of retinal vein occlusion in an Asian population

Br J Ophthalmol

Prevalence and systemic risk factors for retinal vein occlusion in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

Five-year incidence and progression of vascular retinopathy in persons without diabetes: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

Eye (Lond)

Ten-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

Arch Ophthalmol

Original article
The 10-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Beijing Eye Study