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Independent association between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and TNF-α) and essential hypertension

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 19, pages 149–154 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

High blood pressure (HBP) has been associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of chronic mild inflammation. However, the association between HBP and other inflammatory markers, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α), has not been evaluated in well-controlled studies. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP and HBP in a random sample of 196 healthy subjects. All markers were measured in duplicate with high-sensitivity ELISA tests. Three blood pressure (BP) measurments were averaged for the analysis, and subjects with systolic BP ⩾140 and/or diastolic BP ⩾90 mmHg were considered hypertensive. Log binomial regression was used to estimate multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of HBP. Of the subjects, 40% (79) were hypertensive (mean age: 44 years; range 30–64). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, family history of HBP, and the level of the other inflammatory markers, subjects in the second (PR: 3.10, P=0.003), third (PR: 2.32; P=0.031), and fourth quartiles (PR: 2.30; P=0.036) of IL-6 were more than twice as likely to be hypertensive than those in the first quartile. Corresponding PR estimates for TNF-α levels were 1.41 (P=0.014) for the second; 1.59 (P=0.001) for the third; and 1.61 (P=0.025) for the fourth quartile. The CRP–HBP association was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that TNF-α and IL-6 could be independent risk factors for HBP in apparently healthy subjects. Nevertheless, the temporal relationship between elevated inflammation markers and HBP should be ascertained in prospective cohort studies.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by COLCIENCIAS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

    L E Bautista

  2. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    L E Bautista

  3. Centro de Investigación Epidemiológica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    L M Vera & G Gamarra

  4. Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    I A Arenas

Authors
  1. L E Bautista
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  2. L M Vera
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  3. I A Arenas
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  4. G Gamarra
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Correspondence to L E Bautista.

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Bautista, L., Vera, L., Arenas, I. et al. Independent association between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and TNF-α) and essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 19, 149–154 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001785

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