The finding of retinal or vitreous hemorrhage in a child under age 3 years may cause significant controversy with regard to the etiology, because it raises the suspicion of nonaccidental injury. Blood dyscrasias have been documented to cause retinal and vitreous hemorrhages in adults and children, but they have rarely been reported to be the cause of retinal hemorrhages in neonates. We report on a patient with a low plasma fibrinogen level who had bilateral retinal hemorrhage that proceeded to vitreous hemorrhage. This subtle abnormality of the blood clotting cascade caused significant retinal and vitreous hemorrhage in a child without risk factors for abuse.