Objective: To develop a surgical approach to retinal vascular occlusive diseases.
Methods: Surgical manipulations were performed on the retinal vasculature to explore the feasibility of retinal vascular surgery. In a human cadaver eye model (25 procedures, 21 eyes), we performed (1) cannulations of retinal blood vessels with a flexible stylet and (2) arteriovenous sheathotomies. Histological findings were correlated with surgical outcomes. In an in vivo model (6 eyes, 5 animals), we examined the technical feasibility and anatomical outcome of surgical penetration of retinal blood vessels.
Results: Cannulations of branch retinal arterioles were successful in 7 of 9 procedures, cannulations of branch retinal venules were successful in 1 of 3 procedures, cannulations of central retinal arteries were successful in 0 of 2 procedures, and cannulations of central retinal veins were successful in 2 of 4 procedures. Arteriovenous sheathotomies were successful in 4 of 7 procedures. In the in vivo model, surgical penetration of retinal blood vessels was accomplished in 5 of 6 eyes. Immediately postoperatively, thrombus formation with obstruction of the retinal vasculature was observed. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the retinal vasculature was completely patent.
Conclusions: Multiple surgical techniques aimed at assisting recanalization of occluded retinal vasculature have been evaluated. Retinal vascular surgery has become more feasible and deserves further investigation.