The development of ocular imaging devices has progressed rapidly during the past 10 years. Ultrasound biomicroscopy has revolutionized the evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye. The qualitative information gathered using this technology has contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of angle-closure glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, and a variety of other anterior segment disorders. However, the area of quantitative analysis of ultrasound biomicroscopic images remains largely to be developed. This review describes the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the measurement of the anatomic structures and their configurations within the anterior segment. Included are previously published and established methods as well as methods in their early stages of development. Application of quantitative image analysis techniques should yield significant information about mechanisms of appositional angle closure, dynamic functions of the iris, accommodation, and presbyopia.