Objective: To report two cases of recurrent anterior uveitis with sectoral iris atrophy and ocular hypertension during attacks caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV).
Design: Two observational case reports.
Participants: Two immunocompetent patients with a history of recurrent unilateral hypertensive anterior uveitis with sectoral iris atrophy were referred to us with the presumptive diagnosis of herpetic uveitis.
Main outcome measures: Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and peripheral blood serologic studies were performed on both patients.
Results: Examination of aqueous humor by PCR was positive for CMV and negative for herpesvirus. Serum IgG/IgM titers disclosed past CMV infection. Both patients responded well to antiviral therapy with ganciclovir. The final visual acuity level was 20/20 in both eyes of both patients.
Conclusions: CMV infection can produce recurrent attacks of anterior uveitis with clinical characteristics indistinguishable from those previously considered highly suggestive or even pathognomonic for herpetic infection. This observation has implications for the therapeutic management of such patients.