Patients with visually significant corneal edema, secondary to endothelial dysfunction, before the development of scaring or vascularization, need only have the corneal endothelium replaced to restore corneal clarity. This fact, plus the lack of consistently available donor material, prompted us to evaluate tissue cultured corneal endothelim (TCCE) as a donor source. We have shown that TCCE, when transplanted, can regain normal morphology and physiologic function. To accomplish practical use of autologous stroma, a transparent gelatin membrane which can serve as substrate for endothelial growth in tissue culture, has been developed. This cellular membrane has been transplanted successfully in rabbits with good functional results. It is hoped that ultimately this technique can be developed for routine use in man.