We evaluated the fluorescein angiographic features of full-thickness macular holes before and after vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange, and instillation of transforming growth factor beta-2 in 43 eyes in a masked fashion to evaluate the angiographic characteristics of macular holes preoperatively and the changes that occur with successful and unsuccessful closure of the macular hole. Hyperfluorescence was present in the base of the macular hole preoperatively in 34 of 43 eyes (79.1%), was questionable in eight of 43 eyes (18.6%), and was definitely absent in only one of 43 eyes (2.3%). The hyperfluorescence in the base of the macular hole disappeared in 19 of 20 eyes (95%) with successful closure of the macular hole (P < .00001) and appeared to be caused by blocked fluorescence at the site of the macular hole. The photographic features of eyes with unsuccessful closure of the macular hole changed little, except that the size of the cuff of neurosensory detachment around the hole increased and was associated with decreased postoperative visual acuity. These angiographic changes support the presence of a glial tissue plug bridging a small defect in the fovea of eyes with successful closure of a macular hole.