Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands that are selected for high-affinity binding to molecular
targets. Pegaptanib sodium (Macugen; Eyetech Pharmaceuticals/Pfizer) is an RNA aptamer …

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of the most common serious adverse events
associated with intravitreous (IVT) injection. Methods: A systematic search of the literature …

I. Introduction T HE STABILITY of the “milieu interieur” was first recognized by Claude
Bernard (1), and this concept was extended by Walter Cannon (2), who coined the term …

Background Pegaptanib, an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, was evaluated
in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods We conducted …

Intravitreous (IVT) injection is increasingly being incorporated into the management of ocular
diseases. While only fomivirsen sodium (Vitravene™) is currently approved by the Food and …

Although the annual incidence of primary and secondary syphilis has dropped to the lowest
rate recorded, syphilis remains an important cause of ocular disease. Uveitis is the most …

PURPOSE: To review recent advances in the basic and clinical biology of Bartonella-related
eye disease. METHOD: A review of the pertinent medical literature was performed …

Purpose: To review evidence and provide updated guidelines on intravitreal (IVT) injection
technique and monitoring. Methods: A review of the published literature on IVT injection from …

Reflex control of magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin secretion has captured the
curiosity and investigative imagination of neuroendocrinologists for nearly 50 years. While it …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected nearly 900,000 persons in North
America and more than 30 million worldwide. 1, 2 Since the initial description of eye …