The clinical multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an electrophysiological test of local
retinal function. With this technique, many local ERG responses are recorded quasi …

Retinal toxicity from chloroquine and its analogue, hydroxychloroquine, has been
recognized for many years. The first reports concerned long-term usage of chloroquine for …

This paper reviews the anatomic and physiologic conditions which predispose to fluid
accumulation within the retina. Retinal edema has its inception in disease that causes a …

This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision
(ISCEV), presents an updated and revised ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical …

Background The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommendations on screening for
chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy are revised in light of new …

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening
of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy were published in 2002, but …

This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision
(ISCEV), presents an updated and revised ISCEV Standard for clinical electroretinography …

This document presents the current (2004) standard for the visual evoked potential (VEP).
The VEP is an evoked electrophysiological potential that can be extracted, using signal …

For the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision 1Department of
Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; 2Department of …

Importance Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is widely used for the long-term treatment of
autoimmune conditions but can cause irreversible toxic retinopathy. Prior estimations of risk …