▪ Abstract: This review article describes anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment
of intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them …

The goal of treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is to improve
function, relieve pain, and achieve remission. Current guidelines recommend …

BACKGROUND: Epidural injections have been used since 1901 in managing low back pain
and sciatica. Spinal pain, disability, health, and economic impact continue to increase …

RACHIAL plexus block was first per-B formed by Halstedl in 1889 with cocaine, under direct
exposure in the neck. In 1911, HirscheP described the first percutaneous brachial plexus …

An increasing number of patients undergoing surgery or with acute or chronic pain receive
nerve blocks for analgesia currently. The continued popularity of regional anesthesia will …

Plastic (polyethylene) pollution is a severe cause of deterioration of a healthy environment.
For example, ingestion of plastics in the animal gut, clogging of water canals and retarded …

Objective: When used to prolong life without achieving a benefit meaningful to the patient,
critical care is often considered “futile.” Although futile treatment is acknowledged as a …

Background Surgically induced weight loss improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) in morbidly obese Caucasian patients. Similar data are lacking from India …

To overcome the disadvantages of other methods, the authors have devised a procedure for
below-the-knee operations, involving a new technic of sciatic-femoral nerve block. The …

A large number of opioids and nonopioids have been administered epidurally and
intrathecally in the hope of providing segmental analgesia without serious adverse effects …